Dissertations / Theses: '1986-2010' – Grafiati (2024)

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
This paper aims to assess the determinants of Portuguese trade in the years 1986 to 2010. The beginning of this period is marked by the Portuguese entry to the EEC and the Single European Act in 1985, the introduction of Euro in 1999, while the end is defined by the 2007 financial crisis and the late 2010 sovereign debt crisis. The results show that some sectors of the Portuguese economy suffered a structural change in their behavior, regarding international trade. Apart from some exceptions, the results also show that, in general, the economy behaved as expected. Capital stocks (K), human capital (HC) and infrastructures (IF) promote higher exports whereas economies of scale (ES) has an ambiguous contribution. For the Retail (G), Construction (F) and Health/ Social Work (N+O+P) sectors, the results suggest an increase of intra-industry trade.

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This thesis focuses on depictions of gender in contemporary Northern Irish fiction, published between 1986-2010, and the ways in which these depictions subvert, or question the socially constructed nature of gender and invite the reader to interrogate the relationships between gender and the home, workplace, family, politics, and religion. I argue that Northern Ireland's history of civil and colonial violence has hampered the pursuit of gender equality within the state by reinforcing sectarian divisions and preventing the development of a united national identity. I am also interested in the relationship between gender and genre in contemporary Northern Irish fiction. The fact remains that there has been substantially more genre fiction written, published, sold and read in Northern Ireland and about Northern Ireland over the last thirty years than there has been literary fiction. The leading titles of popular women's fiction/chick lit and the crime/thriller hybrid genres are often translated into multiple languages and read by hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of readers worldwide. Yet, Irish Studies has yet to engage in a sustained discussion of genre fiction, with these novels, particularly those which can be categorised as popular women's fiction, being effectively shunned, ignored or casually derided by critics. There are also questions to be raised as to the differing reception for books published in male-dominated genres and marketed in a male-oriented fashion compared to their popular women's fiction counterparts, which largely go unreviewed and almost deliberately unnoticed by critics. Finally, I consider how gender impacts on depictions of the body and ways to write about the physical in the contemporary northern novel. Intimately bound up with issues of religion and cultural conservatism as it is, my thesis argues that that the body should be central in contemporary northern writing which so often grapples with trying to subvert, undermine or make sense of Northern Ireland's politics, religion and cultural leanings.

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Background: In 2005 Colombia adopted the national Millennium Development Goal (MDG5) target of 75% modern contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) by 2015. Important gains have been achieved with respect to living conditions, education and health indicators in recent decades but inequalities within the country remain to be addressed. Methods: The aim was to analyse socioeconomic inequalities in women’s ‘current non-use of contraception’ using the six Colombian Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). A multidimensional approach to socioeconomic position was implemented. Absolute and relative socioeconomic inequalities were analysed using the Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). The interplay between level of education and Public capital with respect to contraceptive non-use was examined. Individual and contextual effects were investigated using a multilevel approach. Results: National prevalence in current non-use of contraception between 1986 and 2010 decreased from32.6% to 22.9%. Nationally, absolute inequalities narrowed but relative inequalities did not decline. Women with less than primary education had not met the CPR target in 2010 in urban (30.9%) and rural (41.4%) areas respectively. Absolute inequalities narrowed in urban areas but relative inequalities persisted in urban and rural areas. Gradients in contraceptive non-use with respect to household wealth were stronger among women in rural than in urban areas. The impact of level of education on contraceptive non-use was relatively weak among women in households and within communities with high Public capital compared to low Public capital. Municipality ethnic composition had an effect on women’s contraceptive non-use over and above individual and community characteristics. Conclusion: Colombia reached the national CPR target ahead of time. However, the persistent socioeconomic gradients in non-use of contraception by household wealth and education indicate the need to go beyond country averages and individual level determinants to monitor urban and rural socioeconomic inequalities and contextual effects on women’s contraceptive behaviour.

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This thesis investigates the place of African states in the international system and seeks to understand what space exists for aid-dependent governments to exercise agency in relations with donors. In exploring these issues I focus on the case of Uganda’s NRM regime which has enjoyed very substantial international support despite its increasingly authoritarian nature, destabilising regional policy and questionable human rights record. The two central questions posed are therefore: ‘why has Uganda benefited from such uncritical international support and what role has the NRM regime itself played in bringing about this situation?’ The thesis also compares Uganda’s experience to those of Ethiopia, Kenya and Rwanda to demonstrate the broader relevance of these questions. I argue that donors have taken a lenient approach to Uganda because they perceive it as valuable as an economic success story, an ally in the ‘War on Terror’ and a guarantor of regional stability. The study stresses, however, that these perceptions are just that: perceptions. They do not necessarily reflect reality nor are they formed without input from Africa, as some inadvertently suggest. Indeed, the principal contention of this thesis is that these three donor perceptions of Uganda have been actively constructed, moulded, managed and bolstered by Kampala itself in an effort to shore-up international support. Using a variety of ‘image management’ strategies the regime has succeeded in convincing its donors to see it as a valuable ally worth supporting. The same is true of the Rwandan and Ethiopian governments, I suggest, but not of the Kenyan. In doing so, the thesis contends, Kampala has carved out a subtle but substantial degree of agency in relations with donors and this raises important questions for scholars and policy-makers.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Este estudo analisa a carreira do magistério público do Estado do Pará na perspectiva de verificaras mudanças e as permanências a partir da Lei 7.442/2010, que dispõe sobre o Plano de Cargos,Carreira e Remuneração - PCCR/2010. A concepção de carreira adotada baseia-se na ideia de que odesenvolvimento da trajetória profissional docente deve ser acompanhado da consequente melhoriaremuneratória em função de fatores como tempo, formação inicial e continuada e desempenho. Pormeio de pesquisa documental tendo como fontes especialmente a Lei nº 5.351/1986 que aprovou oEstatuto do Magistério e a Lei 7.442/2010 que aprovou o PCCR/2010, analisaram-se as mudanças eas permanências na carreira docente a partir de cinco eixos: estrutura dos cargos; formas deadmissão/ingresso na carreira; jornada de trabalho; critérios de progressão/evolução na carreira;vencimento e composição da remuneração. Com o PCCR a carreira passou a se estruturar emquatro classes (I a IV), correspondendo à formação de nível superior, especialização, mestrado edoutorado, extinguindo-se cargos anteriores. As formas de ingresso na carreira foram mantidas,mas alteradas as exigências. A jornada de trabalho teve sua composição alterada pela elevação dopercentual destinado à hora atividade de 20% para 25%. A movimentação na carreira em forma deprogressão horizontal e vertical foi mantida, mas alteraram-se os critérios para a progressãohorizontal e os percentuais de acréscimo salarial, introduzindo-se como condicionalidade àevolução na carreira as condições orçamentárias do Estado. No que se refere ao vencimento e àcomposição da remuneração foi definido 30% a mais de gratificação para os professores que atuamna Educação Especial e criadas gratificações aos professores que atuam na Superintendência doSistema Penal - SUSIPE - e Fundação da Criança e do Adolescente - FUNCAP - e no SistemaModular de Ensino - SOME. As mudanças e permanências verificadas após o PCCR/2010 retratama correlação de forças do momento histórico, permeada pela luta dos trabalhadores da educaçãojunto ao governo estadual e, portanto, como qualquer processo político, apresentam resultadosparciais para a valorização dos profissionais do ensino estadual do Pará.
This study analyses the career of the public school body of Pará in the perspective of examining thechanges and continuities from Law 7.442/2010, which provides for PCCR/2010 (Offices, Careerand Remuneration Plan). It was assumed a definition of career based on the idea that a teacher’sprofessional trajectory must be followed by an improvement in pay based on factors like time,performance and initial and continuing formation. Through file research using sources like Law5.351/1986, which approved the School Body Statute; and Law 7.442/2010, which approvedPCCR/2010; were analyzed the changes and continuities of the teachers’ career through 5 axis:office structure, job admission ways, working hours, job progression criteria and pay. With PCCRcareer is structured in four classes (I through IV), corresponding to formation of higher education,specialization, master and doctorate, with previous positions extinct. Ways of job admittance werekept, but their requirements changed. The working hours changed in composition through the raiseof the time-activity percentage from 20% to 25%. Career movement through horizontal and verticalprogress was kept, but the criteria of horizontal progress and the salary increase percentage werechanged, introducing the budgetary situation of the State as condition to career evolution. As forpay, it was defined a 30% raise for teachers who worked on Special Education, plus the creation ofrewards for teachers working on SUSIPE (Superintendence of Criminal Justice System), FUNCAP(Children and Adolescents Institute) and SOME (Modular Education System). The changes andcontinuities observed after PCCR/2010 portrait the interconnection of powers in the historicmoment, permeated in fights of education workers and the government; and, like any politicalprocess, it shows partial results to the evaluation of education professionals of Pará.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This search contributed to analyze the strategic changes at the Faculdade Ação for the period 1986 to 2010 in relation to context, process and content. The nature of qualitative research is based on the contextualist approach (PETTIGREW, 1987), the research is exploratory and descriptive in the diachronic perspective and cross sectional method was used and the historical-interpretative method combined with the strategic periods (MILES; HUBERMAN, 1994). The way the investigation was configured as a case study of historical and organizational type. The literature review looked at the external environment of organizations, elements of direct and indirect action, strategy with emphasis on concepts, design and implementation, and changes in organizations with the main topics: population ecology of organizational, contingencie, institutional, economic organizations , contextualist, life cycle and resource-based view. The strategic changes were classified into five strategic periods: (1) constitution of the Associação Blumenauense de Ensino e Cultura (ABEC), (2) constitution of the Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia do Vale (FCTVale), (3) expansion, (4) crisis and (5) revitalization. The main conclusions are that the leader had a key role in strategic change; the success of colleges in Blumenau was an incentive for the birth of the Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia do Vale (FCTVale); FCTVale of the constitution was influenced by environment; it wasobtained FCTVale the accreditation and approval of courses; the environment contributed to reproduction of the sequential higher education; the environment and the strategy helped to determine the new size of the institution; the leader was unable to continue and structure the new business complex model; a change strategy - opening of several types of courses - not successful due to the relationship between input and inefficiency of many students in developing academic and administrative structure; the former shareholders of the Sociedade Blumenauense de Ensino e Cultura (SBEC) sought new partners in order to obtain new financial contributions and, especially, to cause changes in academic and management; Faculdade Ação sought internal and external legitimacy through changes in his philosophy of teaching, integration between the teams of Colégio Energia and the Faculdade Ação, as announced an intensive campaign of marketing; leadership fulfill their role in achieving the previewed goals for the changes implemented
Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar as mudanças estratégicas na Faculdade Ação no período de 1986 a 2010 no que se refere a contexto, processo e conteúdo. A natureza da pesquisa é qualitativa, com base na abordagem contextualista (PETTIGREW, 1987), a pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva sob a perspectiva diacrônica e cross sectional, e o método utilizado foi o histórico-interpretativo, combinado com o método de períodos estratégicos (MILES; HUBERMAN, 1994). O modo de investigação configura-se como um estudo de caso do tipo históricoorganizacional. A revisão de literatura contemplou o ambiente externo das organizações, seus elementos de ação direta e indireta, estratégia com ênfase nos conceitos, formulação e implementação, e mudanças nas organizações com suas principais abordagens: ecologia da população organizacional, contingencial, institucional, economia das organizações, contextualista, ciclo de vida e visão baseada em recursos. As mudanças estratégicas foram classificadas em cinco períodos estratégicos: (1) constituição da Associação Blumenauense de Ensino e Cultura (ABEC), (2) constituição da Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia do Vale (FCTVale), (3) expansão, (4) crise e (5) revitalização. As principais conclusões são: o líder teve papel fundamental nas mudanças estratégicas; o sucesso das faculdades em Blumenau foi um incentivo para o nascimento da Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia do Vale (FCTVale); a constituição da FCTVale sofreu influências do ambiente; obteve-se o credenciamento da FCTVale e a autorização dos cursos; o ambiente colaborou para a reprodução dos cursos superiores sequenciais; o ambiente e a estratégia contribuíram para determinar o novo porte da instituição; o líder foi incapaz de prosseguir e estruturar o novo modelo complexo de negócio; a mudança estratégica abertura de diversas modalidades de cursos não obteve sucesso devido à relação entre a entrada de muitos alunos e a ineficiência em desenvolver estrutura acadêmica e administrativa; os antigos acionistas da Sociedade Blumenauense de Ensino e Cultura (SBEC) buscaram novos sócios com o objetivo de obter novos aportes financeiros e, principalmente, de provocar mudanças acadêmicas e na gestão; a Faculdade Ação buscou legitimidade interna e externa por meio da mudança em sua filosofia de ensino, integração entre as equipes da IES e do Colégio Energia bem como divulgou intensa campanha de marketing; a liderança cumpriu seu papel no alcance dos objetivos delineados para as mudanças implantadas

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A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a revista Trip, publicação representativa da tendência de segmentação das revistas brasileiras ocorrida partir da década de 1980. O período avaliado (1986-2010) contempla fases distintas correspondentes a três projetos gráficos. O objetivo principal é analisar as propostas tipográficas utilizadas, verificando em que medida as estratégias retóricas empregadas configuram materialmente orientações do projeto editorial e comercial, conformando a identidade do periódico. Interessa-nos considerar aspectos convencionais e inovadores relacionados à noção de legibilidade, ao tensionamento entre o verbal e o visual presente na tipografia. A metodologia adotada consistiu em pesquisa bibliográfica que estabeleceu os fundamentos teóricos e categorias para análises de ordem quantitativa e qualitativa, e baseou-se em autores como, Lupton, Zappaterra, Meggs, Bringhurst, Gäde, Gruszynski e Ali, entre outros. A análise quantitativa deu-se verificando, em um exemplar anual, variáveis especificadas em seções que constituem estratégias tipográficas diferenciadas: textos longos, curtos e capa. Dessa amostra, extraíram-se leiautes exemplares para a análise qualitativa, buscando aprofundar o que os indicadores numéricos apontaram. Verificou-se que o design editorial, ao enunciar estratégias editoriais e comerciais por meio da configuração de elementos gráficos sobre o suporte, evidencia seu caráter mediador. As diferentes possibilidades de articulação da retórica determinam distintos padrões de legibilidade, buscando adequar-se ao público a que se dirige. Cada projeto demandou um grau de equilíbrio específico entre inovação e tradição, coautoria e transparência. Há, em nosso objeto, a aproximação a um modelo onde a sobrevivência comercial assume relevância. Observou-se que opções de leiaute efetivamente funcionais no passado foram resgatadas, o que não significa que conquistas do rompimento com o modernismo tenham sido descartadas no periódico analisado.
The research aims to Trip magazine, a publication representative of the trend of segmentation of the magazines that came from the decade of 1980. The reporting period (1986-2010) comprises distinct phases corresponding to three graphic projects. The main objective is to analyze typographic proposals, checking the extent to which rhetorical strategies configure the editorial and commercial orientations materially, conforming magazine’s identity. We are interested in considering issues related to conventional and innovative notion of legibility, the tension between the verbal and visual present in typography. The methodology consisted of literature research established the theoretical foundations and the categories for qualitative and qualitative analysis, and was based on the authors as Lupton, Zappaterra, Meggs, Bringhurst, Gäde, Gruszynski and Ali, among others. The quantitative analysis gave up checking into variable specifications on a annual copy sections that are distinct situations requiring typographic strategies distinguished: long text, short text, and cover. This allowed verification second specified variables. From this sample, were extracted significant layouts for qualitative analysis, seeking to deepen the numerical indicators pointed. The study found that editorial design, on formulating editorial and commercial strategies by the configuration of the graphic elements on the support, shows his mediator character. The different possible articulations of rhetoric determine distinct patterns of legibility, seeking to adapt itself to the target public. Each project demand specific degree of balance between innovation and tradition, co-authoship and transparency. There is, in our object, the approach of a model where the commercial survival assumes relevancy It was observed that effective functional layouts from the past could be redeemed, but this does not mean that the achievements of the break with modernism have been discarded on the analysed magazine.

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Depuis 1986, face aux mutations du contexte interne et international, la Francophonie poursuit et accentue la prise en compte d’objectifs politiques et noue l’ambition de devenir un acteur influent des relations internationales. Pour ce faire, elle n’a cessé de s’élargir et de se doter progressivement des moyens institutionnels et normatifs nécessaires. Aujourd’hui, son rôle politique commence à être reconnu. Elle est devenue un laboratoire d’un système international multipolaire en formation et d’une autre mondialisation humaniste. Elle est, aussi, un nouvel acteur et interlocuteur politique de ses membres en matière de démocratie, de droits de l’Homme ainsi que de prévention et de règlement des conflits. Pourtant, plusieurs défis stratégiques et le manque de moyens l’empêchent de devenir un acteur de premier plan et les « acquis » de ses actions demeurent fragiles. Face à cette situation, il est important pour la Francophonie, dans la perspective du nouveau Cadre stratégique décennal (2015-2024), de redéfinir sa stratégie. L’avenir de la Francophonie peut épouser, en effet, plusieurs scénarios. Doit-elle évoluer vers une vraie organisation politique en abandonnant les autres volets de son engagement et en particulier les volets solidarité et développement ? Doit–elle, au contraire, fidèle à sa spécificité, conjuguer étroitement, sans renoncer à aucune, ses missions de dialogue, de solidarité et de développement ? Avant tout, il convient qu’elle redevienne conquérante. De toute façon, il apparait indispensable de la rendre utile aux peuples francophones et de renforcer l’adhésion de ceux-ci par le vivre ensemble. Deux chantiers sont incontournables : l’éducation et l’économie
Since 1986, in response to changes in the domestic and international context, the Francophonie has taken into consideration political objectives and showed ambition to become an influential actor in international relations. In order to achieve this goal, the organization has not stopped widening and gradually been equipped with necessary institutional and normative tools. Today, its political role begins to be internationally recognized. It has become a laboratory of a multi-polar international system which has been forming and of another humanist globalization project. It is also a new actor and political interlocutor of its members in terms of democracy, human rights, as well as conflict prevention and resolution. Nevertheless, several strategic challenges and lack of resources prevent it from becoming a major player at the forefront and its "achievements" remain fragile. Faced with this situation, it is important that the Francophonie, in the perspective of the new ten-year strategic framework (2015-2024), redefines its strategy. In fact, the future of the Francophonie can engage in several scenarios. Must it evolve towards a real political organization by abandoning its commitment to other sectors, particularly solidarity and development ? Must it, on the contrary, be faithful to its specificity and conjugate the factors of dialogue, solidarity, and development without sacrificing any of them ? Above all, it should again become a conqueror. By any means, it appears indispensable to make the Francophonie useful for the French-speaking peoples and to strengthen their engagement by fostering their common activities. Two domains are indispensable : education and economy

Abstract:

Housework is one of the last bastions of gender inequality. The persistence of the cultural association of housework with “women's work” and its significance in reflecting societal power differentials between women and men makes research on the division of household labour important. My work explores the division of domestic work in Canada, paying special attention to changes over time and to the economic and cultural explanations of women’s and men’s differential participation in routine and non-routine domestic tasks. First, I decompose the gender gap in time allotted to housework tasks using five time use cycles of the Canadian General Social Survey. Then, using OLS regression with the Heckman correction, I investigate whether and to what extent economic or cultural factors play a role in the division of individual domestic tasks. The gender gap analysis shows that tasks, like shopping, which is culturally understood as a more gender-neutral activity, are best explained by the time availability framework, whereas the economic factors, in general, can explain a sizeable share of the participation in tasks traditionally associated with women such as household cleaning. For instance, the latter account for around 39% of the gender gap in time spent on cleaning among all married and cohabiting Canadians. However, the economic and gender-centred factors are least likely to explain the gender gap in tasks where there is a clear cultural change in attitudes and participation. For example, they can explain only 31% of the gender gap in cooking. Additionally, the findings suggest that pressures for breadwinning Canadian women to compensate for gender deviance in paid work are more severe than those faced by men. Thus breadwinning women continue to reproduce traditional gender patterns in cooking, cleaning, and shopping tasks. On the other hand, Canadian men perform a new behavioural pattern in cooking tasks: breadwinning men break traditional gender patterns and spend more time on cooking than can be predicted by economic exchange theory. In total these patterns reveal the processes through which cultural changes around a domestic task propel the changes toward gender equality in the division of housework.
Arts, Faculty of
Graduate

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This thesis aims to analyze the trajectories and strategies for the institutionalization of racial equality policies in Brazil from 1986 to 2010, considering that in recent decades the Black Movement and the organization of black women have constituted strategic references for confrontation and negotiation with the State and society with a view to attending to the historical needs of the black population. The research was based on critical theory, using authors from several fields social work, sociology, politics, philosophy, history, anthropology, social psychology, economics, law, education and race relations. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographical and documentary research, as well as field work with an emphasis on participant observation. The Brazilian literature was amply consulted, in addition to international references conference declarations and reports, legislation, regulations, speeches by Presidents of the Republic, governmental programs and projects, as well as the theoretical/political production of the social movement. Twenty-one interviews were conducted with eight women and thirteen men, of whom four white and seventeen black with people with activities in various fields: social movements (Black Movement, black women s organizations, feminist movement, labor movement), academia and the Legislative and Executive branches at the federal level. The theoretical and empirical analyses show that during the period studied, governments have recognized the existence of racism and the need to overcome it. Hence, one has witnessed the institutionalization of public policies of racial equality promotion, in the form of affirmative actions. But this institutionalization has not yet become consolidated. There remain numerous structural and budgetary difficulties, as well as strong conflicts between more progressive and traditional views on race relations in Brazil, the latter based on the myth of racial democracy. However, the study does identify certain social and political changes that reveal greater advances in terms of rights vis-à-vis the promotion of socio-racial justice
A presente tese tem como objetivo a análise dos percursos e estratégias para a institucionalização das políticas de igualdade racial no Brasil, no período de 1986 a 2010, considerando que o Movimento Negro e a organização de mulheres negras têm sido nas últimas décadas, referências estratégicas de negociação e de tensionamento com o Estado e a sociedade, visando o atendimento às necessidades históricas da população negra. A pesquisa teve por base a teoria crítica, os autores são de diversas áreas serviço social, ciências sociais, filosofia, história, antropologia, psicologia social, economia, direito, educação e relações raciais. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram as pesquisas bibliográfica; documental; e, de campo, com ênfase na observação participante. Foi consultada ampla bibliografia nacional, somando-se às referências internacionais declarações e relatórios de conferências, leis, normatizações, discursos dos Presidentes da República, programas e projetos governamentais, assim como a produção teórico-política do movimento social. Foram realizadas ao todo 21 entrevistas oito mulheres e 13 homens, quatro brancos e 17 negros com atuação em diversas áreas: movimentos sociais (negro, organização de mulheres negras, feminista e sindical), academia, parlamento e executivo federal. As análises teóricas e empíricas apontam que no período estudado, por parte dos governos, tendo por base o reconhecimento da existência do racismo e da necessidade de sua superação, houve a institucionalização das políticas públicas de promoção da igualdade racial, sob forma de ações afirmativas. Esta institucionalização ainda não está consolidada, são muitas as dificuldades estruturais e orçamentárias, e, ainda existem fortes conflitos entre visões tradicionais sobre as relações raciais no Brasil (embasadas no mito da democracia racial) se opondo àquelas mais progressistas. No entanto, o estudo identifica mudanças sociais e políticas que traduzem uma maior conquista de direitos quanto a promoção de justiça sociorracial

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Esta pesquisa teve como propósito identificar o perfil socioeconômico dos parlamentares estaduais capixabas e observar os padrões de trajetórias políticas dos mesmos. Para tal foram levantados dados biográficos dos deputados estaduais que permitiram verificar as caracterísiticas sociais e econômicas, além de suas experiências eletivas e administrativas A hipótese analisada é de que qualidades específicas proporcionam maiores oportunidades para exercer cargos de liderança no interior da Assembleia Legislativa do Espírito Santo (Ales). O período analisado abarca a 11ª, 12ª, 13ª, 14ª, 15ª, 16ª e 17ª legislaturas as quais compreendem os anos entre 1987-2010. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi necessário buscarembasamento teórico nos pressupostos da teoria das elites, teoria da institucionalização, teoria da ambição e teoria da profissionalização política. Buscaram-se também algumas análises sobre a composição social e trajetórias políticas dos legislativos brasileiros para compreender melhor a dinâmica das elites parlamentares. Foi possível mapear um perfil social e político dos membros da Ales e relacionar suas trajetórias políticas com a ocupação de cargos na instituição. Em vista disso, confirmou-se que as características pessoais assumem grande importância para a construção das carreiras políticas.
The aim of this research is identify the socioeconomic profile of the parliamentarians from the state of Espirito Santo and observes their political trajectory patterns. Biographical data from the states Representatives were collected in order to verify social and economical characteristics, as well as their elective and administrative experiences. The analyzed hypothesis shows that specific qualities provide greater opportunities for leadership positions inside the Legislative Assembly of Espirito Santo ( Ales). The analyzed period covers the 11ª, 12ª, 13ª, 14ª, 15ª, 16ª and 17ª legislatures which correspond to the period between 1987- 2010. For the research development, it was necessary search for theorical basis on theassumptions of the theory of elites, the institutionalization theory, theory of ambition and political professionalization theory. It was also collected some analyses about social composition and political trajectories from the Brazilians legislatives to a better understanding of the dynamics of parliamentarians elite. It was possible to map a social and political profile from the members of Ales and relate their political trajectories with a position inside of the institution. As a result, it was confirmed that the personal characteristics have a huge importance for the construction of the political careers.

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Esta pesquisa teve como propósito identificar o perfil socioeconômico dos parlamentares estaduais capixabas e observar os padrões de trajetórias políticas dos mesmos. Para tal foram levantados dados biográficos dos deputados estaduais que permitiram verificar ascaracterísiticas sociais e econômicas, além de suas experiências eletivas e administrativas A hipótese analisada é de que qualidades específicas proporcionam maiores oportunidades para exercer cargos de liderança no interior da Assembleia Legislativa do Espírito Santo (Ales). O período analisado abarca a 11ª, 12ª, 13ª, 14ª, 15ª, 16ª e 17ª legislaturas as quais compreendem os anos entre 1987-2010. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi necessário buscar embasamento teórico nos pressupostos da teoria das elites, teoria da institucionalização, teoria da ambição e teoria da profissionalização política. Buscou-se também algumas análises sobre a composição social e trajetórias políticas dos legislativos brasileiros para compreendermelhor a dinâmica das elites parlamentares. Foi possível mapear um perfil social e político dos membros da Ales e relacionar suas trajetórias políticas com a ocupação de cargos na instituição. Em vista disso, confirmou-se que as características pessoais assumem grandeimportância para a construção das carreiras políticas.Palavras-chave:Elites parlamentares Perfil social Carreiras políticas Teoria das Elites Institucionalismo Ambição Profissionalização- Cargos de Liderança - Deputados Estaduais Assembleia Legislativa do Espírito Santo.

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Submitted by Felipe Lapenda (felipe.lapenda@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-09T12:50:54ZNo. of bitstreams: 2dissertação Denise Batista Liracompleta com ata.pdf: 2546231 bytes, checksum: f3b4ed58c670638ad551e05997dfda09 (MD5)license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-09T12:50:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2dissertação Denise Batista Liracompleta com ata.pdf: 2546231 bytes, checksum: f3b4ed58c670638ad551e05997dfda09 (MD5)license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-20
Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco
Este estudo teve por objetivo, apresentar e discutir as relações socioambientais entre os índios Xukuru no período anterior e posterior a hom*ologação do seu território (1986-2010), estabelecendo conexões com a identidade étnica do grupo. Para auxiliar a concretização do objetivo proposto utilizamos, principalmente, as memórias deste povo, e também documentações localizadas em órgãos estaduais, tais quais, CPRH, SECTMA, COMPESA, CONDEPE e SRHE. Nossas considerações se atêm em uma única parte do território Xukuru, a Ribeira. Está região é perpassada pelo rio Ipojuca, e suas principais características, como a salinidade e intermitência são sempre rememoradas pelos Xukuru. O Ipojuca é considerado, atualmente, o terceiro rio mais poluído do Brasil, e por esse motivo é alvo de projetos de revitalização e preservação, no qual a participação dos Xukuru é constante. Em 1985 esse rio fez parte de programas estaduais para efetivar sua perenização, e o resultado foi a construção da Barragem Pão-de-Açúcar em 1986/1987. Este reservatório é considerado fundamental para a sobrevivência dos Xukuru que habitam a Ribeira, pois possibilita atividades como a agricultura e a pesca. Estes indígenas correlacionam o uso dos recursos ambientais a sua identidade étnica, ou seja, a agricultura, a caça e a pesca, além do uso de ervas medicinais, são considerados sinais diacríticos deste grupo e fator essencial de união e continuidade.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1Camili Dal Pai.pdf: 8598550 bytes, checksum: 725fa5b608b3b639544d0219f2347aff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The migratory process is a social construction and represents a phenomenon that can be understood as the cause and effect of the transformations experienced by societies. Such transformations consist in the mechanisms which dive the social evolutionary process and they result from changes in the economic and social structures and the individual choices taken by each economic agent socially organized. Therefore, when considering that the populations move motivated by or in response to a given stimulus, it is admitted that their displacement promotes not only social changes, but they produce economic and environmental implications in a certain place with important reflexes on the regional development. In this perspective, the main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between demographic dynamics and the economic transformations of the northern mesoregion of Mato Grosso State, considering its historical and institutional relationship with agricultural border occupation movements. Specifically, it was sought to identify the direction and volume of migratory flows which contributed to the demographic and economic formation of the mesoregion analyzed under the interstate, intrastate and intraregional spheres; to analyze the contribution of migratory movements on the spatial organization of population densities that form the north of the state, evaluating their effects on the mesoregion's attractiveness and identifying the main explanatory factors of spatial mobility and its relation with the productive transformations of the mesoregion. Using a descriptive methodological framework, based on demographic indicators and regional analysis, it was possible to identify the main elements that characterized the migratory dynamics of Mato Grosso state s northern mesoregion. The results showed a very heterogeneous scenario, with features of each Demographic Census analyzed, according to the level of aggregation adopted. At the interstate level, it was possible to evidence the relevance of the northern mesoregion in the state demographic context, marked by the alteration of the main destination areas, which were no longer represented by the extractive regions, giving place to the predominantly agricultural and agroindustrial areas, reflecting the changes in the state economic conjuncture. As for intrastate migration, it was shown that over the periods, the main migratory flow came from the mid-south mesoregion of the state, followed by the southwest, southeast and northeast regions of the state and indicated an alteration occurred since the 2000 Census when the north of Mato Grosso state, and in particular the micro region of Alto Teles Pires, presented the highest concentration of intrasessional flows, to the detriment of the central-south mesoregion, which until then comprised the most important region in terms of intra-state migration.Regarding the intraregional migration, the micro regions which concentrated the greater migratory flows were Colider, Sinop, and Alta Floresta, however, the 2000 Census demonstrated that Alto Teles Pires micro region emerged in the migratory scenario and, from that period on, it has become the intraregional immigrants main destination.
O processo migratório é uma construção social e representa um fenômeno que pode ser entendido como causa e efeito das transformações vivenciadas pelas sociedades. Essas transformações consistem nos mecanismos que orientam o processo evolutivo social e são resultantes de mudanças nas estruturas econômicas, sociais e nas escolhas individuais de cada agente econômico socialmente organizado. Sendo assim, ao considerar que as populações deslocam-se motivadas ou em resposta a determinado estímulo, admite-se que seu deslocamento promove alterações não apenas de ordem social, mas produzem implicações de ordem econômica e ambiental em determinado local com importantes reflexos sobre o desenvolvimento regional. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve por objetivo principal analisar a relação entre a dinâmica migratória e as transformações econômicas da mesorregião norte de Mato Grosso, considerando a sua relação histórica e institucional com movimentos de ocupação da fronteira agrícola. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar a direção e o volume dos fluxos migratórios que contribuíram com a formação demográfica e econômica da mesorregião analisados sob o âmbito interestadual, intraestadual e intrarregional; analisar a contribuição dos movimentos migratórios sobre a organização espacial dos adensamentos populacionais que formam o norte do estado, avaliando seus efeitos sobre a capacidade de atração da mesorregião; e identificar os principais fatores explicativos da mobilidade espacial e sua relação com as transformações produtivas da mesorregião. Utilizando-se de um referencial metodológico descritivo, amparado em indicadores demográficos e de análise regional, identificaram-se os principais elementos que caracterizaram a dinâmica migratória da mesorregião norte de Mato Grosso. Os resultados demonstraram um cenário bastante heterogêneo, dotado de especificidades a cada Censo Demográfico analisado, conforme o nível de agregação adotado. No plano interestadual, evidenciou-se a relevância da mesorregião norte no contexto demográfico estadual, marcada pela alteração das principais áreas de destino, que deixaram de ser representadas pelas regiões extrativistas, dando lugar às áreas predominantemente agrícolas e agroindustriais, refletindo as mudanças na conjuntura econômica estadual. Quanto à migração intraestadual, demonstrou-se que ao longo dos períodos, a principal corrente migratória foi proveniente da mesorregião centro-sul do estado, seguida pelas regiões sudoeste, sudeste e nordeste, e indicaram uma alteração ocorrida a partir do Censo 2000 quando o norte mato-grossense, e em particular a microrregião do Alto Teles Pires, apresentou a maior concentração de fluxos intraestaduais em detrimento da mesorregião centro-sul, que até então compreendia a região mais importante em termos de migração intraestadual. Em relação à migração intrarregional, as microrregiões que concentraram os maiores fluxos migratórios foram Colíder, Sinop e Alta Floresta, contudo, o Censo 2000 demonstrou que a microrregião de Alto Teles Pires emergiu no cenário migratório e, a partir desse período, tornou-se o principal destino para os imigrantes intrarregionais.

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The thesis has been assessing the challenges which faced donor funded development programmes which were started in the Anglican Church of Tanzania in the 1970s and 1980s. These programmes began at the time when world Christian Evangelicals had renewed their view on incorporating social concern as part of the task of evangelization. The period of study is between 1986 and 2010, a time when Tanzania was going through various changes. At the onset, these programmes did well with good outcomes, but later challenges developed which caused many of these programmes to close down and some to struggle. The Theory of Change has been used as a guiding theory to assess the inspiration and objectives of these programmes. These programmes have been seen as means of intervention towards development problems in the light of the churches development objectives. While the results have been the failure of the programmes due to lack of donor funding and withdrawal of funds, the study looks at the complex relationships and issues of project implementations and management, conflicting worldviews and priority between donors and local projects. These unforeseen issues relating to partnership, transparency, governance and theological discernment lead the programmes to unintended results. The visit to the various programmes and holding interviews with key people has helped collect information about the programme activities, resource mobilization and various responses from communities, the church and donors. Using the DPSIR framework of analysis, the information collected was observed, such as the stakeholder working philosophy, the resource base and mobilization for both, human and material, the programme activities and the structural and organizational capacity and governance. This has helped to analyze these programme activities against the guiding theory and leading to establish the gaps. These gaps are the main findings of the study which ultimately bring the presented conclusion. The study observes that most of these programmes which were started in the Anglican Church of Tanzania, in the Dodoma region in the 1970s and 1980s later closed down, and the few which carried on were struggling.

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This dissertation has the goal to analyze the historical conceptions of Physical Education thathave been shown by the magazine Nova Escola between 1986 and 2010. This periodical is designed for elementary school professionals. It is published monthly and since March of1986 is printed by the Fundação Victor Civita, agency related to the Editora Abril. Its topics are, mostly, related to elementary school comprehending issues affiliated to all the components present in this phase of basic education. The study is based on Thompson s historiography that expunges auto confirmed procedures. This magazine was understood as a real, concrete and cognoscible object from the historical point of view; which being a material product it is provisory and susceptible to changes e rereads, given to the questions that theevidence is put to. It also cannot be separated from the society that involves it and, if it does not determine it, establish relations with permanent tension. The magazine Nova Escola and P.E. were comprehended in two different moments. The first one between 1986 and 1997named the phase of adhesion to education through movements. The second one between 1998 and 2010 was named the adaption to the PCNs. It was verified that the periodical publishedduring its two phases 73 features about P.E. that have brought suggestions of topics or reports of pedagogical practices developed by P.E. teachers, mainly from public schools of all Brazil. It was also seen that between 1986 and 2010 the magazine Nova Escola published,predominantly, the psychological conception of the Physical Education. However, it was also published, although with less emphasis, the critical or progressive conception of the area.
Esta dissertação possui como objetivo analisar quais concepções do componente Educação Física historicamente foram veiculadas pela Revista Nova Escola entre 1986 e 2010. Este impresso é destinado aos profissionais do Ensino Básico, possui edições mensais e é publicado, desde março de 1986, pela Fundação Victor Civita, órgão ligado a Editora Abril.Seus temas são, em grande parte, os que se relacionam com o Ensino Fundamental abrangendo assuntos ligados a todos os componentes presentes nesta etapa da EducaçãoBásica. Estudado à luz da interpretação historiográfica thompsoniana, que elimina procedimentos autoconfirmadores, o periódico foi compreendido como um objeto real,concreto e cognoscível do ponto de vista histórico que enquanto produto material é provisório e passível de mudanças e releituras, dadas às perguntas feitas à evidência, assim como não pode ser apartado do todo social que o envolve e, senão o determina, estabelece relações de tensão permanente. A relação Revista Nova Escola e Educação Física escolar foicompreendida a partir de duas fases distintas. A primeira, ocorrida entre 1986 a 1997, nomeada de fase da adesão à educação pelo movimento. A segunda, que ocorreu entre 1998 a2010, chamada de fase de adequação aos PCNs. Verificou-se que o periódico veiculou, durante as duas fases, 73 matérias sobre a área que trouxeram sugestões de conteúdos ourelatos de práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas por professores de Educação Física, na maioria de escolas públicas, das cinco regiões brasileiras. Constatou-se, a partir dessas matérias, queentre 1986 e 2010, a Revista Nova Escola veiculou, predominantemente, a concepção psicologizante de Educação Física, no entanto, foi possível constatar que o impresso tambémveiculou, com menos ênfase, a concepção crítica ou progressista da área.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1Dissertacao Nascimento2011.pdf: 980172 bytes, checksum: d7dc06d048e8d85043786aa568bf42c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-04
The growth of economic activities and development of technologies provided a strong process of urban growth that has resulted in a range of environmental impacts. Among these environmental problems, the study highlights the change inlocal climate - urban climate. In urban climate is possible to see differences in climatic factors as the influence of soil cover. It should be noted that simultaneously the spatial behavior of temperature is revealed as the most important element in this complex system, whose main product the phenomenon of "islands heat. " In this context, this dissertation has as objectiveGeneral conduct a comparative analysis of the historical evolution of heat islands in Goiânia, capital of Goias, in relation to urban growth and consequent changes in land cover, having as a time period 1986 to 2010, making use of remote sensing data to estimate the land surface temperature and geospatial technologies. For this, staff from the Landsat satellite images for five mapping procedures soil cover by lifting the thermal field, which in the former procedure, performed an automatic classification software Envi 4.5, defining classes land cover: Land Cover, Water Bodies, and Urbanized Area Agriculture, and the second procedure, performed the conversion of images thermal infrared data for land surface temperature using the IDRISI version Taiga, through the "thermal module. Based on the data and analysis, we could confirm that surface temperatures on Earth showed a certain pattern of spatial variation, and especially temporal, as the different ground covers. While higher temperatures - reaching 36 ° C - occur in a higher proportion of urbanized areas, temperatures over bland - starting from 19 ° C - are most frequently recorded in areas covered by coverage vegetation and water bodies. Temporal variation in the urban areas have higher positive change for the decrease in the presence of low levels. That shows how these areas are most affected by the intensification of the phenomenon of heat islands. While that there is the significant role of green areas and water bodies as elements effective in alleviating this problem.
O crescimento das atividades econômicas e ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias propiciou um forte processo de crescimento urbano que tem desencadeado uma gama de impactos ambientais. Dentre esses problemas ambientais, ressalta-se a alteração do clima local clima urbano. Nesse clima urbano é possível constatar diferenças nos elementos climáticos conforme a influência da cobertura do solo. Convém salientar que o comportamento espacial simultâneo da temperatura se revela como o mais importante elemento nesse complexo sistema, tendo como principal produto o fenômeno das ilhasde calor . Nesse contexto, a presente dissertação de mestrado possui como objetivo geral realizar uma análise comparativa da evolução histórica das ilhas de calor no município de Goiânia, capital do estado de Goiás, em relação ao crescimento urbano eas consequentes mudanças na cobertura do solo, tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1986 a 2010, valendo-se de dados de sensoriamento remoto para estimar os valores de temperatura superficial terrestre e técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para tanto, foram empregados as imagens do satélite Landsat 5 para os procedimentos de mapeamento decobertura do solo de levantamento do campo térmico, sendo, no primeiro procedimento, realizado uma classificação automática no software Envi 4.5, definindo-se as classes decobertura do solo: Cobertura Vegetal, Corpos Hídricos, Área Urbanizada e Agropecuária, e no segundo procedimento, executada a conversão das imagens do infravermelho termal em dados de temperatura superficial terrestre utilizando-se o software IDRISI versão Taiga, por meio do módulo termal. Com base nos dados e nas análises realizadas, pode-se constatar que as temperaturas superficiais terrestre apresentaram certo padrão de variação espacial e, sobretudo, temporal, conforme asdiferentes coberturas do solo. Enquanto as temperaturas mais elevadas alcançando 36°C ocorrem em maior proporção sobre as áreas urbanizadas, as temperaturas mais brandas partindo de 19°C são mais registradas nas áreas revestidas por cobertura vegetal e corpos hídricos. Na variação temporal, as áreas urbanizadas apresentam maior variação positiva da participação de valores elevados de TST, acompanhada dediminuição da presença de valores baixos. Isso demonstra o quanto essas áreas são as mais afetadas pela intensificação do fenômeno de ilhas de calor. Ao mesmo tempo em que constata-se o papel significativo das áreas verdes e corpos d água como elementos eficazes na atenuação desse problema.

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Dans le domaine de l'assistance médicale à la procréation, le discours de la science avance à grands pas, soutenu par la demande sans cesse croissante de couples confrontés à une infertilité. Alors que le transfert s'installe avec le psychanalyste, les hommes et les femmes évoquent fréquemment un fantasme de grossesse. Ce fantasme trouve là une butée qui leur fait éprouver une angoisse de castration. Celle-ci est à l'origine de divers mouvements psychiques qui vont du refoulement à la sublimation en passant par des mécanismes de déplacement, de retournement, de clivage ou de déni. Le fantasme de grossesse témoigne de sa présence très tôt dans la vie du petit enfant, de sa permanence, ainsi que de l'exigence d'une énergie psychique nécessaire pour trouver le chemin qui conduira l'homme et la femme à tenter d'approcher l'objet de leur désir, objet toujours déjà perdu. Trente-huit illustrations cliniques mettent en lumière la construction dans le psychisme humain d'un mouvement lié à un espace, un lieu, un temps, métaphores d'un creux en construction que l'on appellerait "féminin". Dans ce creux, pourrait se loger l'objet du désir. Une recherche sur la représentation iconographique de la Vierge enceinte, particulièrement sur les Vierges Ouvrantes, apporte un éclairage concernant le travail de la sublimation et du portage. La puissance créatrice de Louise Bourgeois et Henry Moore, sculpteurs, vient étayer la thèse concernant l'exigence de la création d'un espace en creux, permettant d'approcher l'objet de désir. L'auteur propose de penser à partir du fantasme de grossesse l'accompagnement des couples ainsi que des équipes de soin en assistance médicale à la procréation
In the field of assisted reproduction, scientific discussion moves rapidly, driven by the constant and growing demand from couples confronted by infertility. When in analysis, men and women frequently make reference to "A fantasy of pregnancy". This fantasy reaches its extreme with a fear of castration. It creates a variety of psychic reactions that range from repression to sublimation through the mecanisms of displacement, reversal, splitting and denial. The fantasy of pregnancy appears very early in a child's life, and lasts for a long time, requiring psychic energy to find the path that will lead towards the object of desire, an object that has always been lost. Thirty-eight clinical illustrations will show the presence in the human psyche of the construction of a movement, linked to space and time, that is a metaphor for a hollow space that one might call "feminine". The object of desire could be placed in this space. Research into the iconography of the Pregnant Virgin Mary, in particular Virgins that can be opened and that are called "Shrine Madonna", brings clarity of the work of sublimation and carriage. The powerful creativity of sculptors like Louise Bourgeois and Henry Moore supports the hypothesis that the creating of an hollow space allows to approach the object of desire. The author undertakes to offer practical proposals for both, in the care of couples as well as health care professionals, in the field of assisted reproduction

Abstract:

La chute de la dictature duvaliériste, le 7 février 1986, marque un véritable tournant dans l’évolution politique du pays. La situation nouvelle qui en résulte est généralement analysée ou comprise sous l’angle de l’explication découlant du paradigme des transitions. Ce cadre d’analyse s’est révélé en tous points inadapté pour rendre compte des bouleversem*nts enregistrés. Dès lors, la recherche d’une explication alternative vient à se poser. Cette recherche tente d’explorer cette voie. Et elle soulève un questionnement fondamental qui appréhende la crise haïtienne sous l’angle de l’épuisem*nt de l’ordre politique imposé lors de la première occupation américaine pendant la période 1915-1934. Le défi de cette restructuration du champ politique avait sollicité davantage le rôle et l’action de deux nouveaux acteurs qui ont durablement émergé dans la vie politique du pays à partir des années quatre-vingt : les mouvements populaires et les partis politiques. L’interaction qui s’établit entre ces deux acteurs avait acquis à la fois une dimension complexe et problématique. D’une part, ils (les acteurs) n’avaient pas pu développer une claire conscience de leur rôle dans le processus de transformation politique en cours. D’autre part, il s’est établi entre les deux acteurs un radical antagonisme qui a fini par compromettre la possibilité de construction des capacités politiques nationales en vue de favoriser une évolution positive dudit processus. Le retour à la domination directe américaine, avec l’intervention militaire de 1994, consacrera l’impossibilité de trouver une issue à la crise au plan interne. Cette intervention confirmera la réalité de l’épuisem*nt de l’ordre politique de 1934 tout en provoquant des contradictions nouvelles. Elle a notamment contribué à précipiter la suppression de l’armée, tout en procédant de manière quasi-totale à la confiscation de la souveraineté du pays. Pendant la décennie 1986-1996 qui reste charnière dans le processus de changement politique en Haïti, il n’a pas été possible donc d’aboutir à une redéfinition de l’ordre politique agonisant. Mais l’enjeu de son renouvellement reste indispensable. Malgré leurs faiblesses et les controverses à la base de leur relation, les mouvements populaires et les partis politiques demeurent encore les deux principales formes de représentation politique ou d’action collective qui puissent aider d’avancer dans cette direction. La difficulté majeure est d’arriver à définir l’originalité de l’articulation entre ces deux acteurs qui pourrait bien convenir dans le contexte actuel marqué à la fois par le reflux des mouvements et le faible niveau d’enracinement de la forme partisane
The fall of the dictatorship duvalierist, on February 7, 1986, mark a true turning point in the political evolution of the country. The new situation which results from it is generally analyzed or included/understood under the angle of the explanation rising from the paradigm of the transitions. This framework of analysis appeared in all points misfit to give an account of the recorded upheavals. Consequently, the search for an alternative explanation has been suddenly posed. This research tries to explore this way. And it raises a fundamental questioning which apprehends the Haitian crisis under the angle of the exhaustion of the political order imposed at the time of the first American occupation for the period 1915-1934. The challenge of this reorganization of the political field had more requested the role and the action of two new actors who durably emerged in the political life of the country as from the Eighties: popular movements and political parties. The interaction which is established between these two actors had acquired at the same time a complex and problematic dimension. On the one hand, they (actors) had not been able to develop a clear conscience of their role in the process of political transformation in progress. In addition, it was established between the two actors a radical antagonism which ended up compromising the possibility of construction of the capacities national policies in order to support a positive development of the known as process. The return to the American direct domination, with the military intervention of 1994, will devote impossibility of finding an exit with the crisis with the internal plan. This intervention will confirm the reality of the exhaustion of the political order of 1934 whole while causing new contradictions. It in particular contributed to precipitate the removal of the army, while proceeding in a quasi-total way to the confiscation of the sovereignty of the country. During the decade 1986-1996 which remains hinge in the process of political change in Haiti, it was not possible thus to lead to a redefinition of the political order failing. But the stake of its renewal remains essential. In spite of their weaknesses and the controversies at the base of their relation, the popular movements and the political parties remain still the two principal forms of political representation or class action suit who can help to advance in this direction. The major difficulty is to manage to define the originality of the articulation between these two actors which could be appropriate well in the current context marked at the same time by the backward flow of the movements and the low level of rooting of the form partisane

Abstract:

La thèse analyse le rapport entre formes de structuration du pouvoir politique et formes légitimes de tenure foncière en Haïti, dans la plaine de l'Aribonite. Celle-ci a connu de violents conflits terriens suite à des travaux d'irrigation qui ont valorisé les terres rizicoles et entraîné une concentration foncière. La reconstitution des conflits montre la coïncidence entre des pics de violence et des évènements politiques majeurs. Les récits de conflits mêlent histoires familiales, intrigues politiques, clivages idéologiques, juges vénaux et répression armée. À la chute de la dictature duvaliériste en 1986, une génération militante paysanne née au contact du christianisme de libération se bat pour le droit à la terre, la défense des droits humains et contre l'impunité. La réforme agraire bute sur la pression démographique, l'enchevêtrement des formes de tenure et des traditions politiques antidémocratiques. La faillite du processus de transition démocratique conduit à l'échec de la réforme
The thesis analyzes the relationship between forms of the political power and legitimate forms of land tenure in Haiti, in the plain of Artibonite. This district has witnessed violent land conflicts since irrigation works have been carried out, in the fifties, giving greater value to these rice-growing lands and involving a land concentration. The constitution of the conflicts mix family and political intrigues, ideological cleavages, venal judges and armed repression. With the fall of the duvalierist dictatorship in 1986, a new generation of peasant activists born in contact with Theology of Liberation fights for access to land, for human rights and against impunity. The land reform confronts an enormous demographic pressure, the entanglement of land tenure systems and the antidemocratic political traditions. The bankruptcy of the democratic transition led to the failure of the land reform

Abstract:

В данной диссертации анализируется политика в области ликвидации последствий катастрофы на Чернобыльской АЭС в Беларуси с 1986 по 2008 год с точки зрения взаимодействия различных концепций. Примение методологии дискурс-коалиций позволяет выявить взаимодействие дискурс-коалиций в чернобыльской политики на разных этапах, а также проследить дискурсивные элементы формирования ядерной политики в Беларуси, обусловленной строительством АЭС.
Nepaisant to, kad po avarijos Černobylio atominė elektrinė buvo uždaryta (1986), Černobylis tebeveikia socialinį ir politinį gyvenimą Baltarusijoje (per avariją labai nukentėjusioje kaimyninėje valstybėje). Černobylį šioje disertacijoje apibrėžiame kaip įvairių socialinių aktorių (valstybinių institucijų, politinių partijų, nevyriausybinių organizacijų, mokslo įstaigų ir pan.) vis peržiūrimą ir atnaujinamą Černobylio avarijos interpretacijų rinkinį. Disertaciniame darbe analizuojami įvairūs diskursai ir naratyvai, susiję su Černobylio avarijos padariniais Baltarusijoje 1986-2008. Taikant sociologines rizikos visuomenės (Beck 2000; Borraz 2008), mokslinių faktų konstrukcijos (Callon 1979; Latour 1989, 2004), biovaldžios (Foucault 1996) sampratas ir diskurso koalicijų metodologiją (Hajer 1995), disertacijoje pateikiama konstruktyvistinė Černobylio politikos analizė. Disertacijos tikslas: Černobylio politikoje bei jos aktorių ir jų naratyvų visumoje identifikuoti diskurso koalicijas ir analizuoti jų raišką (nedemokratinės valstybės atveju). Disertacijoje atskleidžiama tai, kaip diskurso koalicijos traktuoja Černobylio avarijos sukeltus padarinius ir kaip atominės energetikos politikoje atsispindi rizikos visuomenės ir bio-politikos retorika.
Despite the shutdown of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986) it still influences the social and political reality. Chernobyl appears in this research as the result of work of interpretation of the aftermaths of Chernobyl disaster by different actors: state bodies, political parties, NGO and scientific institutions. This research touches upon different discourses, story-lines through witch the consequences of the accident on Chernobyl plant are managed in Belarus from 1986 to 2008. Applying such sociological concepts as risk (Beck 2000; Borraz 2008), construction of scientific facts (Callon 1979; Latour 1989, 2004), biopower (Foucault 1996) and the methodology of the discourse-coalitions (Hajer 1995) in this dissertation the constructivist analysis of the politics of Chernobyl is represented. The main hypothesis of this research is to identify the discourse-coalitions within the Chernobyl policy, the actors and story-lines they utter. This research analyses also how the risks created by Chernobyl accident are treated and how biopolitics rhetoric is articulated in the discourse-coalitions and reveals their role in the nuclear policy.

Abstract:

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2010-2011
Peu d'études ont été consacrées au film À tout prendre (1963) de Claude Jutra. Le spectateur-lecteur qui parcourt les histoires du cinéma québécois est confronté à une réception problématique : souvent qualifié de premier film de notre cinématographie, À tout prendre est aussi taxé d'amateurisme et d'apolitisme. On reproche également à Jutra la dimension autobiographique de son film, sa tentation narcissique. À l'inverse, notre étude s'oppose à cette opinion commune, afin d'actualiser l'image d'À tout prendre. Pour y arriver, nous développons une problématique intermédiatique traçant une transversale entre l'oeuvre de Jutra et À la recherche du temps perdu de Marcel Proust sous le signe de l'autofiction, néologisme doubrovskien, car elle nous paraît bien plus adéquate que l'autobiographie pour éclairer la nature réelle d'A tout prendre. Ainsi, nous proposons une "synthèse des incompossibles" : Jutra, Proust et l'autofiction. Le côté de la Recherche peut rejoindre celui d'À tout prendre.

Abstract:

La prédominance de l’informel dans l’économie d’Haïti, où plus de 80% de la population vit en dessous du seuil de la pauvreté et plus de 35% au chômage, laisse entrevoir des liens étroits entre l’économie informelle, la pauvreté et le marché du travail. Faire ressortir ces interrelations, exige une évaluation de cette économie informelle qui fait l’objet des quatre chapitres de notre thèse traitant successivement l’évolution de la situation macroéconomique, le capital humain, les gains des travailleurs informels, et la segmentation du marché du travail.Le premier chapitre fait un diagnostic du phénomène selon l’état des lieux des théories élaborées et l’évolution du cadre macro-économique d’Haïti de 1980 à 2010 et propose une évaluation macroéconomique de l’informel à partir d’un modèle PLS (Partial Least Squares) en pourcentage du PIB.Le chapitre deux établit les relations entre l’évolution de l’économie informelle, dérégulation et politiques néolibérales grâce à un modèle LISREL (Linear Structural Relations). Nous examinons les incidences des politiques fiscales, budgétaires et monétaires des 30 dernières années sur l’économie informelle. Nous réévaluons aussi les causes de l’évolution de l’informel généralement évoquées par les études empiriques (taxes, sécurité sociale).Au chapitre trois, nous analysons la dimension micro-réelle de l’informel grâce à un modèle des gains à la Mincer estimé par les équations logit à partir des données d’une enquête nationale sur l’emploi et l’économie informelle (EEEI) de 2007. Nous analysons les déterminants des gains informels au regard de la position des travailleurs sur le marché (salariés, entrepreneurs et indépendants) ; et les revenus (formels et informels) et les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des travailleurs pauvres et non-pauvres par rapport au seuil de pauvreté.Au chapitre quatre, nous testons d’abord la compétitivité et la segmentation du marché de l’emploi en faisant usage de modèle de Roy et du modèle de Roy élargi à travers une estimation d’un modèle Tobit. Nous utilisons un modèle de Processus de Dirichlet : d’abord analyser la segmentation et la compétitivité éventuelle du marché du travail informel ainsi que ses déterminants, selon les données de l’EEEI-2007 ; ensuite, pour distinguer les caractéristiques fondamentales des informels involontaires (exclus du marché du travail formel) de celles des informels volontaires qui en retirent des avantages comparatifs
The predominance of the informal sector in the economy of Haiti, where more than 80% of the population lives below the threshold of poverty and more than 35% unemployed, suggests links between the informal economy, poverty and the labour market. Highlight these interrelationships, requires an assessment of the informal economy, which is the subject of the four chapters of this thesis, dealing successively with the evolution of the macroeconomic situation, human capital, the informal earnings of workers, and the segmentation of the labour market.The first chapter made a diagnosis of the phenomenon according to the State of affairs of the developed theories and the evolution of the macroeconomic framework of Haiti from 1980 to 2010. And then offers a macroeconomic assessment of the informal sector as a percentage of GDP from a PLS (Partial Least Squares).Chapter two sets out the relationship between the evolution of the informal economy, deregulation and neo-liberal policies through a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model. We look at the impact of the budgetary, fiscal and monetary policies of the past 30 years on the informal economy. We also reassess the causes of the evolution of the informal economy generally evoked by the empirical studies (taxes, social security).In the chapter three, we analyse the micro-real dimension of the informal economy through a model of the Mincer earnings estimated by the equations logit from data in a national survey on employment and the informal economy (EEEI) in 2007. We analyse the determinants of informal gains in terms of the position of the market workers (employees, entrepreneurs and self-employed); and revenues (formal and informal) and the socio-economic characteristics of the working poor and non-poor compared to the poverty line.In chapter four, we first test the competitiveness and the segmentation of the labour market by making use of model of Roy and the expanded Roy model through an estimate a model Tobit. We use a model of Dirichlet process: first analyse the segmentation and possible informal work and market competitiveness as its determinants, according to data from the EEEI 2007; then, to distinguish the fundamental characteristics of the involuntary informal (excluded from the formal labour market) than the voluntary informal who gain comparative advantages

Abstract:

Le Canada à l’instar de plusieurs autres pays occidentaux fait face à une baisse importante du taux de natalité et à un vieillissem*nt de sa population. La solution de l’immigration semble être retenue par ce pays pour combler le déficit en main d’œuvre afin d’éviter un ralentissem*nt de la croissance économique. Nous nous intéressons dans cette étude aux immigrantes africaines accueillies par la province du Québec et cherchons à évaluer leur contribution à la fécondité. Pour ce faire, les données du fichier des naissances de l’Institut de la statistique du Québec et du recensem*nt du Canada de 2006 ont été utilisées. Pour effectuer l’analyse, nous avons premièrement mesuré (avec les fichiers du registre des naissances) l’évolution dans le temps de la contribution des immigrantes africaines à la natalité au Québec. Et deuxièmement, nous avons évalué la relation entre la région d’origine des femmes et la variable "ayant un enfant de moins d’un an" (récente maternité). Nous avons procédé à une analyse descriptive, et également à une analyse multivariée en utilisant un modèle logistique, et en considérant des facteurs sociodémographiques.Nos résultats montrent que les immigrantes africaines affichent un niveau de fécondité plus élevé par rapport à celui des natives et des autres immigrantes. Nous avons constaté que la contribution à la natalité et à la fécondité au Québec des immigrantes venant de l’Afrique Nord était plus importante que celles des autres immigrantes africaines. En outre, les résultats du modèle logistique montrent que les femmes immigrantes africaines de la première génération sont plus susceptibles d’avoir un enfant que les natives du Québec. Nous avons aussi remarqué un effet de la durée de séjour sur la fécondité des immigrantes africaines. Les résultats montrent que les immigrantes de la deuxième génération ont un niveau de fécondité proche des natives du Québec. Nous avons enfin trouvé que la fécondité des immigrantes africaines arrivées très jeunes au Québec est inférieure ou diffère peu de celle des natives du Québec.
Like many other western countries, Canada is facing a dramatic decrease of its birth rate as well as an ageing of its population. Immigration was chosen as a solution to make up for the workforce deficit in order to avoid a slowdown of the economic growth. For the purpose of this study we focus on African women immigrants in Quebec and we assess their contribution to fertility. To reach this objective, data from files of the birth registry of the Institut de la Statistique du Québec and from the 2006 census of Canada were pooled and used. In order to perform the analysis, firstly, we have measured (with the files of the birth registry) the evolution over time of the contribution of African women immigrants to the Quebec birth rate. And secondly, we have evaluated the relation between the women’s region of origin and the variable “having a child less than 1 year old” (recent maternity) obtained from the census. We have done a descriptive as well as a multivariate analysis, by using a logit model and by considering socio-demographic factors.Our findings show that African women immigrants have a higher fertility level than native women or other immigrant women. Their contributions, mostly the contribution of those who are from North Africa, to the Quebec fertility rate were the highest among all immigrant women. In addition, results of the logit model highlight that African immigrant women of the first generation are more likely to have a child than Quebec native women. We also observed an effect of the duration of stay on the fertility of African women immigrants. The fertility behavior of African immigrant women of the second generation is relatively close to those of native women. Finally, we found that the fertility of African women immigrants who arrived at a very young age in Quebec tends to be lower than that of native women.

Abstract:

碩士
慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
100
Background: Taiwan has a comprehensive health care services, but the difference in mortality between urban and rural areas still exist. Many factors that affect mortality including lifestyle, socioeconomic status and the health care service. Amenable mortality is a widely used indicator in the measurement of health outcome. When amenable mortality is higher in the area of medical resources inadequate or uneven distributed, that means the government should pay more attention to the health care investment. Objectives: First, to explore amenable mortality and its trend between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas in Hualien during 1986 to 2010. Second, to compare the trends of amenable mortality before and after the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI). Methods: We used direct standardized method to calculate amenable mortality rates and gender-specific, age-specific and cause-specific amenable mortality rates. Joinpoint regression was used to identify changes in mortality trends that might be associated with the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI). Then we examined the relative ratio in amenable mortality and non-amenable mortality rates between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas. Results: The standardized amenable mortality rates in aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas had declined from 1986 to 2010, and the percentage account to total death rates had the same trend. Amenable mortality in aboriginal decreased more than non-aboriginal did after the implementation of NHI. The gap in relative ratio of amenable mortality rate still expanded between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas. Conclusions: With the implementation of NHI and Integrated Delivery System (IDS) played an important role in improving people health, of remote areas death rates in aboriginal areas. Further, the government would enhance the distribution of health resources, and narrow down the gap in accessibility and quality of medical care. That would be helpful to reduce health inequalities.

Abstract:

Depuis 1986, face aux mutations du contexte interne et international, la Francophonie poursuit et accentue la prise en compte d’objectifs politiques et noue l’ambition de devenir un acteur influent des relations internationales. Pour ce faire, elle n’a cessé de s’élargir et de se doter progressivement des moyens institutionnels et normatifs nécessaires. Aujourd’hui, son rôle politique commence à être reconnu. Elle est devenue un laboratoire d’un système international multipolaire en formation et d’une autre mondialisation humaniste. Elle est, aussi, un nouvel acteur et interlocuteur politique de ses membres en matière de démocratie, de droits de l’Homme ainsi que de prévention et de règlement des conflits. Pourtant, plusieurs défis stratégiques et le manque de moyens l’empêchent de devenir un acteur de premier plan et les « acquis » de ses actions demeurent fragiles. Face à cette situation, il est important pour la Francophonie, dans la perspective du nouveau Cadre stratégique décennal (2015-2024), de redéfinir sa stratégie. L’avenir de la Francophonie peut épouser, en effet, plusieurs scénarios. Doit-elle évoluer vers une vraie organisation politique en abandonnant les autres volets de son engagement et en particulier les volets solidarité et développement ? Doit–elle, au contraire, fidèle à sa spécificité, conjuguer étroitement, sans renoncer à aucune, ses missions de dialogue, de solidarité et de développement ? Avant tout, il convient qu’elle redevienne conquérante. De toute façon, il apparait indispensable de la rendre utile aux peuples francophones et de renforcer l’adhésion de ceux-ci par le vivre ensemble. Deux chantiers sont incontournables : l’éducation et l’économie
Since 1986, in response to changes in the domestic and international context, the Francophonie has taken into consideration political objectives and showed ambition to become an influential actor in international relations. In order to achieve this goal, the organization has not stopped widening and gradually been equipped with necessary institutional and normative tools. Today, its political role begins to be internationally recognized. It has become a laboratory of a multi-polar international system which has been forming and of another humanist globalization project. It is also a new actor and political interlocutor of its members in terms of democracy, human rights, as well as conflict prevention and resolution. Nevertheless, several strategic challenges and lack of resources prevent it from becoming a major player at the forefront and its "achievements" remain fragile. Faced with this situation, it is important that the Francophonie, in the perspective of the new ten-year strategic framework (2015-2024), redefines its strategy. In fact, the future of the Francophonie can engage in several scenarios. Must it evolve towards a real political organization by abandoning its commitment to other sectors, particularly solidarity and development ? Must it, on the contrary, be faithful to its specificity and conjugate the factors of dialogue, solidarity, and development without sacrificing any of them ? Above all, it should again become a conqueror. By any means, it appears indispensable to make the Francophonie useful for the French-speaking peoples and to strengthen their engagement by fostering their common activities. Two domains are indispensable : education and economy

Abstract:

碩士
國立陽明大學
環境與職業衛生研究所
100
Objectives:Following the increasing use of pyrethroids in Taiwan, the number of patients with pyrethroid poisoning was also increasing gradually. Exposure to different type of pyrethroids (i.e. type I and type II pyrethroids) may manifest different symptoms and clinical severity; however no previous study in Taiwan had specifically examined the pattern and outcome of poisonings related to the exposure to different types of pyrethroids.Materials and Methods:We first identified potential cases with pyrethroid poisonings reported to the Taiwan National Poison Control Center (PCC-Taiwan) from 1986 through 2010 by search of the PCC-Taiwan computerized database. We then categorized the substances of exposure into different types of pyrethroids by the main constituents found in the exposed substances. Clinical profile of all pyrethroid exposed cases was manually reviewed to collect relevant data and to exclude subjects with chronic exposure, unclear exposed substance, incomplete demographic information, and cases with incomplete information on severity of poisoning. In addition to explore the secular trend of pyrethroid poisonings, we further analyzed the relation between subjects’ baseline characteristics and clinical characteristics and the severity of poisoning by employing multivariate logistic regression analyses.Result:From 1986 through 2010, a total of 3,379 cases with pyrethroid poisoning were reported to the PCC-Taiwan, accounting for 3.7% of all reported poisoning exposures during that period. Most cases of pyrethroid poisoning were males, age≧60 years old, attempting suicidet, and exposed through oral pathway. Type I pyrethroids, especially permethrin, were more commonly involved in poisning exposures. Age was associated with the intent of exposure, as accidental exposure was more frequently found among those aged≦18 years old. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, increasing age, attempted suicide, oral ingestion, exposure to pyrethroids categorized as “pesticides,” larger dose of exposure, and concomitant exposure to other pesticides or organic solvents were found to be associated with the severity of poisoning. In the univariate analysis of clinical manifestations, most toxic symptoms except for dermatologic manifestations were associated with the severity of poisoning. The above-mentioned association was more marked for coma, confusion, and aspiration pneumonia. Moreover, gastric lavage was also associated with the severity of poisoning.Conclusions: In this study, we found that the prevalence of pyrethroid poisonings was increasing over the past 20 plus years in Taiwan, a finding consistent with that reported by the US EPA. We also noted that exposure to type II pyrethroids was associated with higher toxicity. Moreover, increasing age, attempted suicide, oral ingestion, exposure to pyrethroids categorized as “pesticides,” larger dose of exposure, and concomitant exposure to other pesticides or organic solvents were more likely to be associated with severe/fatal effects. The above-noted findings are likely to helpful to healthcare professionals in the future management of patients with pyrethroid poisoning. The results will also assist the governmental agencies in future advocate of the safer use of household insecticide products that contain pyrethroids in Taiwan.Key words: pyrethroid、poisoning、poison control center

Abstract:

碩士
慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
105
Background and purpose: Injury is one of the leading causes of death and disabilities worldwide. Compared with other diseases, injuries are more likely to affect young people, with more potential years of life lost and higher medical expenditure.According to the Ministry of Health and Welfare statistics,the standardized mortality rate of injuries have declined since 1989 and injuries has been the sixth cause of death in Taiwan since 2008. It showed that efforts in injury prevention and control aspects by the government and civil society had proved effective. In this study,we discuss the difference of unintentional injury mortality rate between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas from 1986 to 2010.We hope that the results would be helpful for policy making in injury prevention and intervention. Method: The study data came from the death registry conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.Demographic statistics were obtained from the Ministry of the Interior. We applied the SAS 9.3 and Microsoft excel 2016 to calculate the direct standardized mortality rates of unintentional injury with the world population of 2000 as the standardized population. The Joinpoint Regression Program（version 4.3.1.0）was used to assess the trends of mortality between 1986 and 2010. Results: Our study showed that the standardized mortality rate of unintentional injury from 1986 to 2010 increased from 70.49 per 100,000 population in 1986 to 76.56 in 1988, and then declined year by year with 24.34 per 100,000 population in 2010.The standardized mortality rate decreased 65.5% between 1986 and 2010. The results of Joinpoint regression analysis revealed the unintentional injury mortality rate in Taiwan was significantly reduced by 6.1% (APC: -6.1%) per year during the 1994-2010 . In terms of geographical differences, the standardized mortality rate in aboriginal / non-aboriginal is between 1.63 and 2.57.Male standardized mortality rates were all higher than female standardized mortality rates, ranging from 2.10 to 2.89. The risk of mortality difference of unintentional injury in aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas is more great in the age of 25-44 years and was significantly reduced by 7.4% per year after 1996. Conclusions:The standardized mortality rate for unintentional injuries in 1986 and 2010 was significantly reduced by 65.5%, but compared with other developed countries, Taiwan is still poorly performing. Unintentional injury is mainly due to motor vehicle traffic accidents (53.7%).We still need to continue to strengthen the risk behavior prevention stratigies in the aboriginal areas and male ethnic groups. Prevention and control for the other causes of unintentional injuries also can be considered in the future .

Abstract:

碩士
慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
104
Background and purpose : Oral cancer is an increasingly serious problem in the world. With the early onset age and premature death, it’s necessary to care about the burden of disease and social impact from oral cancer. The aim of this study is to describe the mortality rates and trends of oral cancer, and explore the health different between aboriginal and non-aboriginal regions in Taiwan. The results expect to provide suggestions for prevention of oral cancer in the future.Method : The study data came from the death registry conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Demographic statistics were obtained from the Ministry of the Interior. Direct age standardized mortality rates were computed from 1986 to 2010 with 2000 world standard population as adjusted population. JoinPoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in mortality rates of different regions, gender and age groups.Results : During these periods the oral cancer mortality rate increased from 3 to 7.8 (per 100,000). The average age of death was 57. Men have higher mortality rates and gender differences widened. JoinPoint regression analysis identified three significant inflection points and four distinct trends between 1986 and 2010. The mortality rates steady upturn from 1990 to 1997(APC=9.1%), and then a slowly upward trend after 1997(APC=4.5%). Aboriginal areas have fewer deaths, but the mortality rates remain increasing (APC=8.3%), especially in 45-64 age group (APC=12.8%).Conclusions : Our study showed that mortality rate of oral cancer was increasing during the study period, but the mortality rate rising trend has slowed. Men have the higher mortality rates in oral cancer then female. In the future, we should pay more attention for reducing the risk behaviors and promoting the screening service for men. That would helpful to reduce the threat of oral cancer and improve the population health.

Abstract:

碩士
慈濟大學
公共衛生學系碩士班
102
Backgroud and purpose：Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers for women. There were about 2000 new cases diagnosed, and about 800 women died yearly in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to examine the mortality rates and their trends between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas from 1986 to 2010. Method：Data come from the mortality registry that conducted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The demographic data were obtained from the Ministry of Interior. We applied the SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2007 to calculate the direct standardized mortality rates of cervical cancer between aboriginal and non-aboriginal areas, using the 5-year demographic distribution of Taiwan in 2000 as the standardized population. The JoinPoint Regression Program 4.04 were used to assess temporal changes of mortality rates that occurred between 1986 and 2010.Result：The standardized mortality rates of cervical cancer had been declined in Taiwan between 1986 and 2010, from 13.18 (per 100,000) to 4.45 (per 100,000). The joinpoint analysis identified two significant inflection points, generating three distinct trends between 1986 and 2010. A steady decline from 1986 to 1997 (APC = -1.5, p < .05), then accelerated downward after 1997 (APC = -5.3, p < .05), and the largest mortality rate decrease appeared from 2004 to 2010 (APC = -8.7, p< .05). The results showed the mortality rates have more declined after the screening was implemented in 1995. Mortality rates in aboriginal areas fell consistently between 1981 and 2010 (APC= -2.3, p< .05), but no inflection point was identified. For the non-aboriginal areas, the joinpoint analysis identified one significant inflection points, generating two distinct trends between 1986 and 2010. The first steady decline of mortality rates in non-aboriginal areas had showed from 1986 to 2002 (APC = -2.3, p< .05), and then accelerated downward after 2002 (APC= -9.2, p < .05). The mortality rates of non-aboriginal areas had more decreased than aboriginal areas after 2002. Conclusion：The cervical cancer standardized mortality rates reduced during the study period and have more declined after the papanicolaou tests was implemented in 1995. However, the mortality rates of aboriginal areas were still higher than non-aboriginal areas. In addition to raising awareness and protection of cervical cancer for women, the health authorities need to strengthen health education and health promotion activities to improve female health in aboriginal areas.

Abstract:

Mobile offshore drilling units are being used in the Gulf of Mexico to produce oil and gas. Anchoring systems such as drag embedment anchors and vertically loaded anchors are used to keep these units in place. Past mooring system failures due to hurricanes in 2004 and 2005 initiated a need to better understand the performance of these anchors to in-plane and out-of-plane loading conditions. In-plane and out-of-plane loading cause the anchor to translate or rotate in the directions of its six degrees of freedom. Behavior and holding capacity of the anchors when loaded in each of is six degrees of freedom are important in understanding and predicting their behavior.An experimental program was devised to investigate the behavior of anchors in pure translation and rotation loading. The scaled-model anchors were embedded at a measured depth in a soil bed of clay with an undrained shear strength between 10 and 20 psf and then loaded to failure. A rotation testing frame was designed to impose rotational loading in the yaw, roll and pitch directions.Test results from the experimental program are consistent and repeatable. The bearing factors for pure bearing fell well within the range of existing experimental and analytical studies on simple plates. Bearing factors for in-plane and out-of-plane shear and for all rotations are higher than those for simple plates due to presence of the shank. When the resistance is normalized by area of the fluke, the wider model provide greater normalized resistance to yawing, similar normalized resistance to pitching and rolling and less normalized resistance to bearing and shearing.It was concluded that the holding capacity of an anchor in its six degrees of freedom depends largely on its geometry, including the fluke and the shank.
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Abstract:

碩士
淡江大學
歐洲研究所碩士班
98
Spain’s foreign policy focuses its attention on three aspects : Europe, Mediterranean and Iberoamerica. After participating in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) and European Community ( EC ) in 1980s, Spain regards European Policy as the priority issue, because of its historical and cultural connections with the Ibero-American countries. Every Spanish prime minister spares no effort to consolidate and develop relationship with this region. At the same time, Spain difines itself as the bridge between the European Union ( EU ) and the Latin-American countries in order to elevate its international status. The institutional cooperation between Spain and the Ibero-American countries began with the first celebration of Ibero-American Summit in 1991. The Summit is convened annually and has become the most important channel between its member states. Moreover, the first EU-Latin America and the Carribean Summit is convoked in 1999 due to the coordination of Spain. The participants not only discuss democracy, human rights, social development and environmental protection issues, but also hope to build up gradually “Association Agreements European Union – Latin America” in order to create a win-win situation. Another keypoint of this article is discussing the attitude of Latin-American countries toward Spain’s foreign policy. Although the Latin-American countries have gradually broken away from the “lost decade”, immature democracy and the gap between rich and poor is still widening in this region, which provides opportunity for the abrupt rise of “neo-left”. The Latin American neo-left regimes, under the leadership of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, fights against the U.S. unilateral hegemony in the international community and have a great influence over Spain’s role as the bridge between Europe and Latin America.

Abstract:

Tese de mestrado, Arte, Património e Restauro, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2010
O presente trabalho centra – se no estudo do conceito de História Viva: origens, sua introdução em Portugal, primeiras intervenções, evolução, práticas actuais e projecções futuras, e por fim o estudo de um caso.Através da realização deste trabalho ambicionámos sistematizar toda a informação encontrada de forma a redigir um documento onde esta se congregasse, proporcionando um melhor conhecimento de um todo, a possibilidade de reflexão sobre o tema e seus fundamentos essenciais e o renovar das suas práticas. A História ao Vivo é um método didáctico para a difusão e aprendizagem da História, da cultura, da memória de determinada época num dado contexto, com recurso à expressão dramática. A técnica de Living History foi criada em Inglaterra nos anos de 1970, teve a sua evolução naquele país e em outros que, como Portugal, a importaram, sendo no presente uma prática indissociável da museologia, servindo a educação, o lazer e o turismo cultural. Em 1986 foi introduzida em Portugal pela Associação Portuguesa de Museologia com o intuito de dinamizar e de dar novo fôlego ao ensino e interpretação da História e valorização da nossa memória colectiva. Nos primeiros anos, em que houve grande empenhamento na divulgação desta técnica, houve uma forte adesão ao conceito que se disseminou e foi posto em prática através da realização de acções sobre os mais variados temas. A adesão do Grupo de Trabalho do Ministério da Educação para as Comemorações dos Descobrimentos Portugueses, entre 1988 e 2000, foi fundamental para o enraizamento desta prática. Passados mais de vinte anos desde a sua introdução em Portugal pudemos investir numa observação cuidada deste percurso e propor estratégias para a sua revitalização. Estamos cientes de que o recurso à dramatização nesta área teve adesão no nosso país, contudo carece de elementos teóricos que a suportem para que não se alheie da essência da sua razão de existir: a Educação Patrimonial com base na investigação.
Notre dissertation se concentre sur l'étude de la notion d’Histoire Vivante:les origines, son introduction au Portugal, les premières interventions,l’évolution, les pratiques actuelles et les projections futures, et enfin une étudede cas. Grâce à ce travail nous avons eu l'intention de systématiser touteinformation trouvée dans le but d’élaborer un document dans lequel elle seréunit, en fournissant une meilleure compréhension de l’ensemble, lapossibilité de réflexion sur le sujet et ses principaux motifs et de promouvoir lerenouvèlement de cette pratique. L’Histoire Vivante est une méthode pédagogique pour la diffusion et l’apprentissage de l’histoire, la culture, la mémoire d’un temps donné dans un contexte déterminé, en utilisant le drame.La technique de Living History a été créé en Angleterre dans les années 1970, ayant son évolution dans ce pays et autres qui, comme le Portugal, l’on importée, étant en ce moment une pratique indissociable de la muséologie,servant l’éducation, le loisir et le tourisme culturel. En 1986 l'Association portugaise de muséologie a introduit cette méthode au Portugal, afin de revitaliser et de donner un nouveau souffle à l’enseignement et à l’interprétation de l’histoire et de valoriser notre mémoire collective. Dans les premières années où il y eu un grand engagement pour la diffusion de cette technique, nous observâmes une adhésion sans équivoque du concept qui s’est étendu et a été mis en pratique. L’engagement du Groupe de travail du Ministère de l'éducation pour la commémoration des découvertes portugaises, entre 1988 et 2000, fut fondamental pour l’enracinement de cette pratique. Plus de vingt ans passés depuis son introduction au Portugal, il nous a été possible d’analyser ce parcours et de présenter un plan méthodologique pour redynamiser le concept.Nous sommes conscients que l'utilisation du drame dans ce domaine a eul’adhésion de notre pays, néanmoins il manque encore d’éléments théoriquesqui le soutiennent afin qu’il ne s’détourne pas de l’essence même de sa raison d’être: l’Education Patrimoniale parmi la recherche.